Type Casting and Type Conversion

Converting of one type of data into another type is called as Type Casting or Type Conversion.
The inbuilt functions for type casting are :

1.  int()
2. float()
3. complex()
4. bool()
5. str()

1. int():
   This function is used to convert any type of data into int(integer type).
   Examples:
   1. >>>int(101.120)
   Output: 101
   2. >>>int(5+5j)
   Output: TypeError: can’t convert complex to int
   3. >>>int(True)
   Output: 1
   4. >>>int(False)
   Output: 0
   5. >>>int(“10”)
   Output: 10
   6. >>>int(“10.5”)
   Output:  ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10: ‘10.5’
   7. >>>int(“ten”)
   Output:  ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10:’ten’
   8. >>>int(“0B111)
   Output:  ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10: ‘0B111’
2. float():
   This function is used to convert any data type into float.
   Examples:
   1. >>>float(10)
   Output: 10.0
   2. >>>float(5+5j)
   Output:  TypeError: can’t convert complex to float
   3. >>>float(True)
   Output: 1.0
   4. >>>float(False)
   Output: 0.0
   5. >>>float(“1”)
   Output: 1.0
   6. >>>float(“5.5”)
   Output: 5.5
   7. >>>float(“0B111”)
   Output: ValueError: could not convert string to float: ‘0B111’
3. complex():
   This function is used to convert any data type into complex.
   Examples:
   1. >>>complex(10)
   Output: 10+0j
   2. >>>complex(10.5)
   Output: 10.5+0j
   3. >>>complex(True)
   Output: 1+0j
   4. >>>complex(False)
   Output: 0+0j
   5. >>>complex(“10”)
   Output: 10+0j
   6.>>>complex(“10.5”)
   Output: 10.5+0j
   7. >>>complex(“ten”)
   Output: ValueError: complex()arg is a malformed string
   Form-2:
   complex(x,y): This is the another form to convert into complex number. With this method we can convert x and y into complex number such that x will be real part and y will be imaginary part.
   Eg: complex(5,-5)
   Output: 5-5j
4. bool():
   This function is used to convert any data type into bool.
   Example:
   1. >>>bool(0)
   Output: False
   2. >>>bool(1)
   Output: True
   3. >>>bool(5)
   Output: True
   4.>>> bool(2.5)
   Output: True
   5. bool(0.12)
   Output: True
   6. >>>bool(0.0)
   Output: False
   7. >>>bool(10-5j)
   Output: True
   8. >>>bool(0.+2.5j)
   Output: True
   9.>>>bool(0+0j)
   Output: False
   10. >>>bool(“True”)
   Output: True
   11. >>>bool(“False”)
   Output: True
   12. >>>bool(“”)
   Output: False
5. str():
   This function is use to convert any datatype into str(string) type.
   Examples:
   1. >>>str(5)
   Output: ‘5’
   2. >>>str(5.5)
   Output: ‘5.5’
   3. >>>str(5+5j)
   Output: ‘(5+5j)’
   4. >>>str(True)
   Output: ‘True’