1)Amazon DynamoDB
● What is it?
A serverless NoSQL database with low latency and scalable performance.
● Features:
○ Automatic scaling
○ Global secondary indexes
● Use Cases:
○ Real-time applications
○ Large-scale data management
● Pricing:
Based on read/write capacity and storage.
2)Amazon Neptune
● What is it?
A graph database for building and running applications that require connected data.
● Features:
○ Supports Property Graph and RDF models
○ Highly available and fault-tolerant across 3 AZs
● Use Cases:
○ Applications needing to query connected datasets
● Pricing:
Based on instance hours and storage.
3)What is Amazon RDS?
Amazon RDS (Relational Database Service) is a cloud service that makes it easier to manage, scale, and operate relational databases. It
handles tasks like patching, backups, and hardware setup, letting you focus on your applications. Supported database engines include:
● MySQL: Open-source and widely used.
● MS SQL: Microsoft’s SQL Server, supports provisioned IOPS for performance.
● MariaDB: A fork of MySQL.
● PostgreSQL: Advanced, open-source relational database.
● Oracle: Commercial database with managed options.
● Amazon Aurora: High-performance database compatible with
MySQL and PostgreSQL.
4)DB Instance Classes
Defines the instance type based on workload needs:
● Standard: For general-purpose workloads (e.g., db.m6g).
● Burstable Performance: Handles occasional spikes (e.g., db.t3).
● Memory Optimized: For memory-heavy tasks (e.g., db.r5).
High Availability Options
● Multi-AZ Deployment: Adds a standby database in another availability zone for disaster recovery.
● Read Replicas: Creates read-only copies to improve performance.
Storage Types
● General Purpose (SSD): Balanced for most workloads.
● Provisioned IOPS (SSD): High performance for intensive tasks.
Monitoring & Backups
● Monitoring: Tracks metrics like IOPS and latency; enhanced monitoring is optional.
● Backups: Automated backups are retained for up to 35 days; manual snapshots also available.
Benefits
● Automated management of common tasks.
● Flexible scaling and pricing.
● Compatibility with multiple database engines.
5)AWS Config
AWS Config is a monitoring and evaluation service for tracking the configurations of AWS resources. It ensures compliance and maintains a
resource inventory.
● Key Features
○ Configuration History: Keeps a record of configuration changes over time.
○ Config Rules: Evaluates resource configurations using managed or custom rules.
○ Integration: Works with AWS IAM, S3, SNS, and more for configuration management.
○ Aggregators: Consolidates data from multiple accounts and regions.
● Use Cases
○ Automates compliance checks.
○ Monitors security risks via historical data.
● Pricing
○ Based on the number of configuration items recorded and rules evaluated.
6) Amazon CloudFront
Amazon CloudFront is a Content Delivery Network (CDN) that accelerates the delivery of data, videos, applications, and APIs to users
globally with low latency and high transfer speeds. It works by caching data at edge locations (data centers worldwide), ensuring faster access.
If the required data is not available in an edge location, the request is forwarded to the source server.
Key Integrations CloudFront works seamlessly with AWS services like:
● Amazon S3, Amazon EC2, Elastic Load Balancing
● Amazon Route 53, AWS Elemental Media Services Security Features
● AWS Shield Standard for DDoS protection
● Field-level encryption with HTTPS for sensitive data
● Signed URLs and Signed Cookies to restrict file access
● Geo Restrictions to control data based on location
Pricing Highlights
● Charges: Data transfer to the internet, HTTP/HTTPS requests, andLambda@Edge execution
● Free: Data transfer within AWS regions and default SSL/TLS certificates
7)AWS PrivateLink
AWS PrivateLink simplifies secure communication between VPCs (Virtual Private Clouds) and AWS services without exposing traffic to
the internet. It creates Elastic Network Interfaces (ENIs) in your VPC for private connections.
Key Features
● Interface Endpoints: Connect to AWS services privately
● Gateway Endpoints: Route traffic to Amazon S3 and DynamoDB
● Secure access across accounts and VPCs without public exposure
● Ideal for migrating on-premises apps to AWS securely Pricing Highlights
● Pricing is based on endpoint usage.
8) AWS Transit Gateway
AWS Transit Gateway acts as a centralized network hub, connecting multiple VPCs, on-premises networks, and remote offices. It simplifies
complex network architectures and reduces the need for multiple peering connections.
Key Features
● VPC Peering Simplification: Reduces the complexity of many-to-many connections
● Direct Connect Integration: Connects on-premises networks securely
● Supports VPN attachments for remote connections
● Network Monitoring: Use AWS Transit Gateway Network Manager for tracking and management
Comparison: Transit Gateway vs. VPC Peering Feature Transit Gateway VPC Peering
Charges Hourly and data transfer
fees
Free
Multicast
Traffic
Supported Not
supported
Bandwidth 50 Gbps per zone per
connection
No aggregate
limit
Pricing Highlights
● Hourly charges and data transfer fees apply based on usage.
9)What is AWS VPC?
AWS Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) lets you create a virtual network in the AWS cloud for your resources. It gives you full control over:
● IP address ranges
● Subnets
● Route tables
● Network gateways
This ensures your AWS environment is isolated and configurable like a traditional on-premise network.
Key Components of AWS VPC
1. Security Groups (SG)
● Default Security Group:
○ Inbound: Allows all inbound traffic from the same SG.
○ Outbound: Allows all outbound traffic.
● Custom Security Group:
○ Inbound: Denies all by default.
○ Outbound: Allows all by default.
2. Network ACLs (Access Control Lists)
● Default Network ACL:
○ Inbound/Outbound: Allows all traffic.
● Custom Network ACL:
○ Inbound/Outbound: Denies all by default.
10) VPC Architecture
Subnets
● Sub-divide your VPC into smaller networks.
● Types:
○ Public Subnets: Resources can access the internet directly.
○ Private Subnets: Resources can’t access the internet directly. Use a NAT Gateway for outgoing internet traffic.
Route Tables
● Define traffic rules for your subnets.
○ Public subnets use Internet Gateway for internet access.
○ Private subnets remain isolated unless explicitly configured. NAT Devices
● Enable private subnet resources to access the internet:
○ NAT Instance: Deployed in a public subnet.
○ NAT Gateway: Managed by AWS, more efficient.
PrivateLink
● Allows private access to AWS services without internet. Egress-Only Internet Gateway
● Allows IPv6 traffic to exit the VPC without permitting inbound traffic.
VPC Peering
● Connect two VPCs for seamless communication (same or different regions/accounts).
VPN
● Securely connect your on-premise network to AWS.
Use Cases
● Hosting websites and multi-tier apps.
● Disaster recovery setups.
Simplified Terms
● Public Subnet: Direct internet access (e.g., web servers).
● Private Subnet: No direct internet access (e.g., databases).
● Route Table: Traffic rules for subnets.
● Security Groups & ACLs: Firewall rules for your VPC.
11)Amazon EventBridge
What is it?
A serverless event bus service that connects applications using real-time data. It processes events from AWS services, custom apps, and SaaS tools.
Key Features
● Delivers events in real-time.
● Routes events to multiple targets like AWS Lambda or SNS.
● Fully managed: Handles event ingestion, security, and error handling.
● Backward compatible with CloudWatch Events.
Pricing
● Custom and SaaS events: $1.00 per million requests.
12) Amazon Simple Notification Service (SNS)
What is it?
A messaging service for sending notifications like emails, SMS, or push messages. Key Features
● Real-time push-based notifications.
● Works with AWS services like Lambda and SQS.
● Supports multiple protocols (SMS, email, etc.).
Pricing
● First 1M requests free; $0.50 per million after that.
13)Amazon Simple Queue Service (SQS)
What is it?
A serverless message queuing service that helps applications communicate by sending, receiving, and storing messages.
Key Types
● Standard Queues: High throughput; messages might be out of order.
● FIFO Queues: Ensures message order and exactly-once delivery.
Features
● Retains messages for up to 14 days.
● Supports delay queues and dead-letter queues for unprocessed messages.
14)AWS Step Functions
What is it?
A service for automating workflows by dividing them into steps. It manages retries, errors, and state transitions.
Types
● Standard Workflows: Long-running processes.
● Express Workflows: High-volume, event-driven tasks.
Pricing
● $0.025 per 1,000 transitions for standard workflows.
● $1.00 per million requests for express workflows.
15)Amazon Simple Workflow Service (SWF)
What is it?
A service for building and running distributed workflows with task management, retries, and concurrency control.
Key Features
● Keeps workflows active for up to 12 months.
● Ensures tasks are completed only once.
● Tracks events and tasks.
Use Cases
● Video processing, data migrations, and workflows requiring human tasks.
Pricing
● $0.0001 per workflow execution beyond the free tier.
16)AWS Cost Explorer
AWS Cost Explorer helps you visually analyze your AWS costs and usage. It offers pre-built and customizable reports, making it easier to
understand spending patterns and optimize resources.
● Default Reports:
○ Cost and Usage Reports: Track daily or monthly costs by service, accounts, or EC2 usage.
○ Reserved Instance Reports: Monitor Reserved Instance utilization and identify savings opportunities.
● Features:
○ Historical data for up to 12 months and forecasts for the next 12 months.
○ Identify savings with Savings Plans offering up to 72% discounts.
○ Programmatic access via the Cost Explorer API.
● Pricing:
○ Free for cost and usage reports.
○ $0.01 per API request.
17)AWS Budgets
AWS Budgets lets you set and track spending or usage limits with notifications for thresholds. It supports various budget types like cost,
usage, or reservation utilization.
● Key Features:
○ Custom Alerts: Get notified via email or SNS when costs or usage exceed predefined thresholds.
○ Filtering Options: Filter budgets by services, tags, accounts, or regions.
○ Integration: Works with tools like AWS Cost Explorer and AWS Chatbot.
● Budget Types:
○ Cost budgets, usage budgets, and Reserved Instance/Savings Plans budgets.
● Pricing:
○ Free for monitoring budgets and notifications.
○ $0.10/day for each action-enabled budget after the free quota.
18)AWS Cost & Usage Report (CUR)
AWS CUR provides granular data on your AWS spending, including service usage and pricing details. Reports are sent to an S3 bucket and
updated multiple times a day.
● Key Features:
○ Delivery: Download reports from S3 or analyze using Athena, Redshift, or QuickSight.
○ Data Dictionary: Simplifies understanding of cost and usage terms.
19)Reserved Instance (RI) Reporting
This feature helps track Reserved Instance usage and optimize your purchases to save costs.
● Types of Reports:
○ RI Utilization Reports: Monitor how much RI capacity isused.
○ RI Coverage Reports: Understand the percentage of instance hours covered by RIs.
● Pricing:
○ $0.01 per request for recommendation data.
20)AWS Management Console
A web application for managing AWS services. It offers a user-friendly interface to navigate and interact with various AWS tools.
Key Features:
● Easy Navigation: Quickly access AWS services via an intuitive navigation bar.
● Regional Selection: Choose your preferred AWS region.
● Search: Find services easily with the search bar.
● Mobile App: Manage AWS on-the-go with apps for Android and iOS.
21)Amazon Polly
A service that converts text into natural-sounding speech.
Features:
● No Setup Fees: Pay only for the text you convert.
● Multilingual Support: Offers voices in various languages, including lifelike Neural Text-to-Speech (NTTS).
● Speech Caching: Save and replay audio in formats like MP3.
Use Cases:
● Create speech-enabled applications.
● Improve accessibility by converting text to audio.
22)Amazon Comprehend
An NLP tool that extracts insights from text.
Features:
● Text Analysis: Identifies language, sentiment, entities, and key phrases.
● Custom Models: Train models to classify documents without advanced ML skills.
● PII Redaction: Protects sensitive data in documents.
Use Cases:
● Analyze customer feedback.
● Streamline document processing, like insurance claims.
● Manage and search legal or financial documents.
23)Amazon Rekognition
A cloud-based image and video analysis service.
Features:
● Facial Analysis: Identifies and verifies faces.
● Image Analysis: Detects objects, text, and scenes.
● Video Analysis: Tracks people and detects text in videos.
Use Cases:
● Enhance content searchability.
● Strengthen security with identity verification.
● Detect and filter inappropriate content.
24)Amazon Lex
A tool for building chatbots and conversational AI.
Features:
● Multi-Language Support: Handles tasks across various languages.
● Easy Integration: Connects seamlessly with AWS services.
● Pay-per-Request: Pay only for what you use.
Use Cases:
● Automate FAQs or schedule appointments.
● Improve productivity with AI-driven chatbots.
25)Amazon Transcribe
Converts spoken audio into written text using deep learning.
Features:
● Optimized for Calls and Media: Great for customer calls, broadcasts, and subtitling.
● Medical Transcription: Ideal for clinical documentation.
● Flexible Pricing: Pay based on speech duration.
Use Cases:
● Improve customer service by analyzing call transcripts.
● Create subtitles for live events.
26)Amazon Translate
A service for translating text using neural networks.
Features:
● High-Quality Translations: Supports many languages.
● Real-Time Translation: Translate text instantly or in batches.
● Customization: Add brand-specific terms to translations.
Use Cases:
● Translate social media content or user reviews.
● Enable real-time multilingual communication in apps or helpdesks.
27)Amazon Forecast
Overview:
Amazon Forecast helps businesses predict future trends like demand, inventory, and staffing by using machine learning (ML). It uses the same
technology Amazon uses for its own operations.
Key Features:
● Data Preparation: Automatically processes historical and related data.
● Model Training: Chooses the best machine learning model and trains it automatically.
● Forecast Generation: Predicts trends by considering factors like seasonality and external influences.
Key Use Cases:
● Retail & Inventory: Helps predict product demand to manage inventory.
● Workforce Scheduling: Forecasts staffing needs for better planning.
● Travel Demand: Estimates visitor numbers for better operational management.
28)Amazon SageMaker
Overview:
Amazon SageMaker is a platform for developing, training, and deploying machine learning models at scale.
Key Features:
● Development Tools: Includes notebooks and debugging tools.
● Training Infrastructure: Offers scalable computing resources for training models.
● Deployment & Automation: Supports model deployment and automation tools.
● Prebuilt Models: Provides generative AI models that can be customized.
Key Benefits:
● Flexible Tools: Easy to use for data scientists and business analysts.
● Efficient Scaling: Managed resources to scale models cost-effectively.
● Enhanced Governance: Secure model development with access controls.
Use Cases:
● Demand Forecasting: Predicts future demand to optimize inventory.
● Fraud Prevention: Real-time fraud detection.
● Personalization: Creates customer-specific recommendations.
29)Amazon Athena
Overview:
Amazon Athena is a serverless service to analyze data in Amazon S3 using SQL queries without loading the data.
Key Features:
● Supports unstructured, semi-structured, and structured data.
● Allows ad-hoc querying with SQL.
● Integrates with Amazon QuickSight for visualizations.
● Supports various formats like CSV, JSON, and Parquet.
30)Amazon EMR
Overview:
Amazon EMR helps process large datasets using frameworks like Apache Hive, Hadoop, and Spark on AWS.
Key Features:
● Scalable compute and storage.
● Supports machine learning with Spark and TensorFlow.
● Real-time data processing with Apache Flink.
31)AWS Glue
Overview:
AWS Glue is a serverless ETL (Extract, Transform, Load) service tomove and transform data.
Key Features:
● Integrates data across stores.
● Stores metadata in the AWS Glue Data Catalog.
● Supports Apache Spark for ETL jobs.
32)Amazon Managed Service for Apache Flink
Overview:
A fully managed service for real-time data streaming using Apache Flink.
Key Features:
● Develop and run applications without managing infrastructure.
● High-speed data processing with low latency.
● Multi-AZ deployment for high availability.
33)Amazon Data Firehose
Overview:
Amazon Data Firehose is a serverless service that loads streaming data into analytics services.
Key Features:
● Delivers data to services like S3, Redshift, and Elasticsearch.
● Supports real-time analysis and data transformation.
34)Amazon Kinesis Data Streams
Overview:
Amazon Kinesis collects and processes real-time streaming data, ideal for large-scale data.
Key Features:
● Captures data from sources like clickstreams and social media.
● Allows custom applications for stream data processing.
35)AWS Lake Formation
Overview:
AWS Lake Formation helps create and manage data lakes securely in the cloud.
Key Features:
● Stores data in its original form for analysis.
● Integrates with services like Glue, Redshift, and Athena.
● Provides fine-grained access control.
36)Amazon MSK (Managed Streaming for Apache Kafka)
Overview:
Amazon MSK is a managed service for building Apache Kafka applications for streaming data.
Key Features:
● Simplifies Apache Kafka management, including scaling and failure recovery.
● Supports integration with Glue and Kinesis for processing.
37)Amazon OpenSearch Service
Overview:
A managed service for deploying and managing Elasticsearch clusters for searching and analyzing data.
Key Features:
● Allows searching and analyzing different types of data.
● Integrates with services like CloudWatch and S3 for enhanced analysis.
38)Amazon QuickSight
Overview:
Amazon QuickSight is a cloud-based business intelligence service for data visualization and analysis.
Key Features:
● Automatically generates insights and detects anomalies.
● Provides interactive dashboards for decision-makers.
● Secure access from any device.
Pricing:
● Flexible pricing options, including a low $3/month reader fee for interactive analytics.